Lääkeaineallergiat

Lääkeaineallergiat refer to adverse reactions to medications that are mediated by the immune system. These reactions occur when the body's immune system mistakenly identifies a drug or one of its metabolites as a foreign substance and mounts an immune response against it. This can lead to a wide range of symptoms, from mild skin rashes to severe, life-threatening anaphylaxis.

The prevalence of drug allergies is difficult to estimate precisely, as many reported reactions may be due to other causes like drug intolerances or side effects. However, it is generally understood that true drug allergies are less common than often perceived. Certain drugs are more frequently associated with allergic reactions, including antibiotics (especially penicillins), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and anticonvulsants.

Diagnosis of a drug allergy typically involves a thorough medical history, including detailed information about previous reactions, their timing, and symptoms. In some cases, further investigations like skin prick tests or drug challenges under medical supervision may be performed. It is important to distinguish true allergies from non-immune mediated adverse drug reactions, which can present with similar symptoms but do not involve the immune system.

Management of a diagnosed drug allergy primarily involves strict avoidance of the offending medication and any related drugs. Patients with a known drug allergy should inform all healthcare providers about their condition. In emergency situations where a drug from an allergenic class is essential, alternative medications should be considered. For severe reactions, such as anaphylaxis, prompt medical attention is crucial, and treatment may include epinephrine, antihistamines, and corticosteroids. Ongoing research aims to improve diagnostic methods and develop desensitization protocols for certain drug allergies.