Kortisolihormonia

Kortisolihormonia, commonly known as cortisol, is a steroid hormone produced primarily by the adrenal glands, which are located atop the kidneys. It plays a crucial role in the body’s response to stress and helps regulate various physiological processes. Cortisol is part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a system that controls reactions to stress and maintains balance in the body.

The hormone influences metabolism by increasing blood sugar through gluconeogenesis, the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. It also suppresses the immune system, reduces inflammation, and aids in the redistribution of fat and protein. Cortisol helps control blood pressure by affecting salt and water balance and supports the cardiovascular system during times of stress.

Levels of cortisol fluctuate throughout the day, typically peaking in the morning and declining toward evening. Chronic stress, illness, or hormonal imbalances can disrupt this natural rhythm, leading to either excessive or insufficient cortisol production. High cortisol levels over time may contribute to health issues such as weight gain, hypertension, and weakened immune function, while low levels can cause fatigue, depression, and difficulty coping with stress.

Cortisol is also involved in regulating mood and cognition, with imbalances potentially linked to conditions like anxiety and depression. Medical conditions affecting the adrenal glands, such as Cushing’s syndrome (excess cortisol) or Addison’s disease (deficient cortisol), require medical evaluation and treatment. Lifestyle factors, including diet, exercise, and stress management, can help maintain healthy cortisol levels.