Komplikacione

Komplikacione is a term used in medical contexts to denote unwanted events or problems that arise during the course of a disease, a medical procedure, or its treatment. They can be an expected part of an illness’s progression or caused by the care itself (i.e., iatrogenic). Complications may worsen prognosis, require additional interventions, extend hospital stays, or affect quality of life.

Complications are typically categorized by timing, severity, and origin. Early complications occur soon after a procedure or during the initial phase of a disease; late complications appear after discharge or later in the disease course. They are also described as minor or major, depending on the level of intervention required and the impact on health. Causes include patient factors (age, comorbidity, immune status), disease severity, procedural risks, infection, bleeding, organ injury, thromboembolism, and adverse drug reactions. Pregnancy and obstetric care have their own common complications, such as preeclampsia or postpartum hemorrhage, but the general concept remains the same.

Prevention and management focus on risk assessment, adherence to evidence-based protocols, sterile technique, prophylaxis where appropriate, careful monitoring, and prompt recognition of warning signs. Management aims to treat the underlying cause, provide supportive care, and escalate care when needed. In surgical settings, standardized grading systems (for example, the Clavien-Dindo classification) are used to describe complication severity and guide reporting and learning processes. Clear communication with patients about potential complications and their likelihood is an essential part of informed consent and ongoing care.