Kolposzkópia

Kolposzkópia is a medical procedure used to examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva. It is performed using a colposcope, which is a magnifying instrument with a light source. The colposcope allows the doctor to visualize the tissues of the lower genital tract in detail, which would not be possible with a standard pelvic examination.

The procedure is typically done in a doctor's office and usually takes about 5 to 10 minutes. The patient lies on an examination table, similar to a regular pelvic exam. A speculum is inserted into the vagina to visualize the cervix. The colposcope is then positioned outside the body, allowing the doctor to look at the cervix through its lenses.

During the examination, a dilute acetic acid solution is often applied to the cervix. This solution causes abnormal cells to turn white, making them easier to identify. Sometimes, a Lugol's iodine solution may also be used, which stains normal cervical cells brown. Areas that do not stain or stain abnormally may indicate precancerous or cancerous changes.

Kolposzkópia is most commonly performed when a Pap smear or HPV test shows abnormal results. It helps the doctor determine the cause of the abnormality and decide if a biopsy is needed. A biopsy is the removal of a small sample of tissue for further examination under a microscope.

The procedure is generally painless, although some women may experience a mild stinging sensation from the acetic acid solution or a cramping feeling if a biopsy is performed. Recovery is usually quick, with most women able to resume their normal activities immediately. Kolposzkópia is a crucial tool in the early detection and management of cervical cancer and other related conditions.