Kleurfading

Kleurfading refers to the gradual loss or alteration of color in dyed materials, most commonly textiles. It occurs when dyes or pigments change chemically or physically due to exposure to light, heat, moisture, or detergents. The most common cause is photodegradation from ultraviolet radiation in sunlight or indoor lighting, which breaks dye molecules and weakens binding to the substrate. Other causes include oxidation, chemical reactions with cleaning agents, high temperatures, and abrasion.

Fading can be uniform, leaving the material lighter overall, or uneven, producing patches or contrasts. Color transfer, bleeding, or crocking may occur during washing or in humid conditions. Dyes and pigments behave differently: soluble dyes can fade more quickly than lightfast pigments embedded in a binder. Manufacturers test colorfastness using standardized methods to evaluate resistance to light, washing, rubbing, and perspiration.

Prevention focuses on choosing durable colorants and protecting fabrics: using UV-stable dyes, polymer coatings or finishes, reducing exposure to direct sunlight, washing with mild detergents, washing in cold water, and drying away from heat. Proper storage in dark, cool places also helps. In fashion and design, controlled fading can be intentional, such as stone-washed denim or vintage-look fabrics. In other contexts, fading may be considered a defect or a sign of material aging.