Kardiologists
Cardiologists are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the heart and blood vessels. They evaluate symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, and fatigue, and use tests including electrocardiography, echocardiography, stress testing, and various imaging modalities to establish diagnoses. Cardiology encompasses several subspecialties, such as interventional cardiology (catheter-based treatment of coronary artery disease and peripheral vessels), electrophysiology (management of heart rhythm disorders and ablation), heart failure and transplant, and cardiac imaging. Pediatric cardiology is related but distinct, focusing on congenital heart disease in children.
Training follows medical school and a residency in internal medicine, followed by a fellowship in cardiology.
In addition to patient care, many cardiologists participate in clinical research and guideline development, contributing to