Kannustimet
Kannustimet are stimuli intended to influence individuals’ or organizations’ behavior by offering rewards for desirable actions or penalties for undesirable ones. The term derives from the Finnish verb kannustaa, meaning to spur or encourage. They can take monetary or non-monetary forms.
Monetary incentives include cash bonuses, subsidies, tax credits, grants, vouchers, and performance-based pay. Non-monetary incentives include
Applications are widespread across economics, public policy, management, education, and health. In public policy, kannustimet are
Design considerations include ensuring clear, verifiable objectives; targeting the right audience; and evaluating cost-effectiveness. Potential downsides
Evidence on effectiveness is mixed and context-dependent. Well-designed incentives can increase targeted behaviors, especially when combined