grants

Grants are non‑repayable funds provided by governments, foundations, corporations, or other organisations to support specific projects, research, or activities that serve a public or charitable purpose. Unlike loans, grants do not require repayment, though recipients are typically required to report on the use of funds and the outcomes achieved.

The principal sources of grants include federal, state, and local government agencies, which allocate funds for education, health, scientific research, arts, and community development. Private foundations and charitable trusts also award grants, often targeting niche areas such as environmental conservation, social justice, or cultural preservation. Corporate grant programs frequently focus on innovation, workforce development, or community outreach, aligning philanthropic goals with business interests.

Grant types vary by purpose and structure. Project grants fund a defined activity with a set timeline, while program grants support broader, ongoing initiatives. Capacity‑building grants aim to strengthen an organization’s infrastructure, and seed grants provide early‑stage financing for emerging ideas. Some grants are competitive, requiring applicants to submit detailed proposals, budgets, and evidence of need; others are formula‑based, distributed according to predetermined criteria such as population size or research output.

Eligibility is determined by the grantor and may involve restrictions related to the applicant’s legal status, sector, geographic location, or financial capacity. The application process typically includes a narrative describing the project’s objectives, methodology, and anticipated impact, accompanied by a budget justification and supporting documentation.

After award, grantees must adhere to reporting requirements, which can include progress reports, financial statements, and performance metrics. Effective grant management ensures accountability, facilitates evaluation of outcomes, and informs future funding decisions. Grants remain a vital mechanism for advancing public interest objectives, fostering innovation, and addressing societal challenges.