Kalapácsujj

Kalapácsujj, also known as a hammer toe, is a deformity of the foot that affects the joints of the second, third, or fourth toe. In this condition, one or more of the smaller toes become permanently bent or contracted, resembling a hammer. This abnormal bending typically occurs at the middle joint of the toe, called the proximal interphalangeal joint.

The exact cause of hammer toe is not always clear, but it is often associated with an imbalance in the muscles, tendons, or ligaments that hold the toe joints in place. Other contributing factors can include ill-fitting footwear, particularly shoes with a narrow toe box or high heels, which force the toes into a bent position. Certain medical conditions, such as arthritis, diabetes, or nerve damage, can also increase the risk of developing hammer toe. Genetics may also play a role.

Symptoms of hammer toe can vary but commonly include pain in the affected toe, especially when wearing shoes. Corns and calluses may develop on the top of the bent joint or on the tip of the toe due to friction with the shoe. In some cases, the toe may become stiff and difficult to move.

Treatment for hammer toe depends on its severity and the presence of pain. For mild cases, conservative measures such as wearing wider shoes, using padding to relieve pressure, and performing stretching exercises may be recommended. If conservative treatments are not effective or the deformity is severe and causing significant pain, surgery may be considered to correct the alignment of the toe.