InvitroFertilisierung

In vitro fertilisation, commonly abbreviated as IVF, is a medically assisted reproductive technology used to help individuals or couples conceive a child. The term "in vitro" originates from Latin, meaning "in glass," referring to the process of fertilisation occurring outside the human body, typically in a laboratory setting. IVF is often recommended for couples experiencing infertility due to factors such as blocked or damaged fallopian tubes, male infertility, endometriosis, unexplained infertility, or genetic disorders.

The IVF procedure begins with hormonal stimulation to encourage the ovaries to produce multiple eggs rather than the single egg released during a natural menstrual cycle. Once the eggs are mature, they are retrieved through a minor surgical procedure called follicular aspiration. Simultaneously, sperm is collected from the male partner or a donor. The eggs and sperm are then combined in a laboratory dish, where fertilisation occurs. After approximately three to five days, the resulting embryos are transferred into the uterus, ideally at the blastocyst stage, to increase the likelihood of implantation.

IVF success rates vary depending on factors such as age, cause of infertility, and the specific fertility clinic. The procedure can be emotionally and physically demanding, involving multiple medical interventions, including hormone injections, egg retrieval, and embryo transfer. Potential risks and complications include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, multiple pregnancies, and stress. Ethical and legal considerations also surround IVF, particularly regarding issues like embryo disposal, surrogacy, and genetic screening.

Since its first successful application in 1978, IVF has evolved significantly, incorporating advancements such as preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) to screen embryos for genetic abnormalities and improved techniques for embryo culture and selection. While IVF offers hope to many struggling with infertility, it remains a complex and costly process, often requiring careful consideration and consultation with healthcare professionals.