Ikosoma

Ikosoma is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Sclerodermataceae. It is characterized by its tough, leathery fruiting bodies, often called puffballs, which are typically hypogeous or semi-hypogeous, meaning they grow underground or partially underground. The peridium, or outer skin, of Ikosoma species is thick and often ornamented with scales or warts. When mature, the interior gleba, which contains the spores, breaks down into a powdery mass.

The spores of Ikosoma are generally globose to subglobose and possess a rough or spiny surface. This genus is found in various terrestrial habitats, often associated with trees and forming mycorrhizal relationships. The taxonomic classification of Ikosoma has been subject to revision as genetic studies have provided new insights into fungal relationships. Historically, it was sometimes grouped with genera like Scleroderma.

Research on Ikosoma is ongoing, focusing on its ecological roles, distribution, and phylogenetic placement within the Sclerodermataceae. Identification of species often relies on microscopic features of the spores and the macroscopic characteristics of the fruiting body. Ikosoma species are not typically considered edible and their ecological significance lies primarily in their role as symbionts in forest ecosystems.