hypogeous

Hypogeous refers to a type of plant growth habit where the primary shoot system, including the leaves and flowers, develops below the ground. This is in contrast to epigeous plants, where the primary shoot system grows above the ground. Hypogeous plants are often characterized by their underground stems or roots that produce leaves and flowers. Examples of hypogeous plants include certain species of orchids, some species of iris, and certain types of ferns. The term "hypogeous" comes from the Greek words "hypo," meaning "under," and "ge," meaning "earth." This growth habit is an adaptation that allows plants to avoid harsh above-ground conditions, such as extreme temperatures or drought, and can also provide protection from herbivores. Hypogeous plants often have a symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi, which help them absorb water and nutrients from the soil.