Ihotauti

Ihotauti is a Finnish term that translates to skin disease and is used to refer to any condition affecting the skin. In medical contexts it serves as a broad umbrella term rather than naming a single disorder.

Causes include infections (bacterial, fungal, viral), inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases (for example eczema, psoriasis, lichen planus), benign and malignant neoplasms, and genetic or metabolic disorders. Environmental factors such as allergens, irritants, sun exposure, and trauma can contribute to skin diseases or trigger flares in chronic conditions. Common symptoms vary by condition but often include itching, redness, swelling, pain, rashes, scales, blisters, or sores.

Diagnosis is typically clinical, based on history and examination; it may be supplemented by dermoscopy, skin biopsy, microscopy, culture, or laboratory tests to identify infectious agents or rule out other diseases. Differential diagnosis is broad, and many skin diseases mimic each other. Treatment depends on the specific diagnosis and may involve topical therapies (corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, emollients), antifungal or antibacterial agents, systemic medications (antibiotics, retinoids, immunosuppressants, biologics) for more severe disease, and phototherapy. Skin care, avoidance of triggers, sunscreen, and lifestyle adjustments are important components.

Prognosis ranges from self-limiting to chronic or relapsing conditions, with many patients achieving control through ongoing management. Epidemiology varies by disease; skin diseases are common worldwide and a frequent reason for primary care and dermatology referrals. Public health emphasis focuses on accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, patient education, and prevention of complications such as infection and scarring.