Ihosyöpäkasvaimet

Ihosyöpäkasvaimet, also known as skin cancers, are abnormal growths of skin cells. They most commonly develop on skin that has been exposed to the sun. There are several types of skin cancer, with the most common being basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequent type and typically appears as a pearly or waxy bump, or a flat flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion. It grows slowly and rarely spreads to other parts of the body. Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common and can present as a firm, red nodule, a scaly, crusted patch, or an ulcer that doesn't heal. It has a higher chance of spreading than basal cell carcinoma.

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer and arises from melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment. Melanomas can develop from existing moles or appear as new, dark spots on the skin. They are characterized by the ABCDE rule: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter larger than 6mm, and Evolving appearance. Melanoma has a significant potential to metastasize if not detected and treated early.

Risk factors for developing skin cancer include prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, fair skin, a history of sunburns, numerous moles, a weakened immune system, and a family history of skin cancer. Early detection and treatment are crucial for a good prognosis, especially for melanoma. Regular skin self-examinations and professional dermatological check-ups are recommended for individuals with risk factors. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the tumor, and can include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.