Ibis

Ibis is a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae, which also includes the spoonbills. They are characterized by slender bodies and long down-curved bills used to probe mud and shallow water for prey. Ibises inhabit wetlands across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, with some species extending into temperate zones.

The term ibises covers several genera, notably Threskiornis (including the sacred ibis and black ibis), Eudocimus (white ibis and scarlet ibis), and Plegadis (glossy ibis and white-faced ibis). Plumage varies by species, ranging from white or pale to dark iridescent feathers, and many have bare facial or lores areas that become more prominent during the breeding season.

Ibises occupy a range of wetland habitats, including marshes, swamps, mangroves, and river basins. Foraging typically involves slow wading and probing with the curved bill to extract crustaceans, mollusks, insects, and small fish. They are often highly gregarious, forming large foraging flocks and communal roosts.

Reproduction is usually colonial, with nests placed in trees, shrubs, or reedbeds near water. Nests are crude platforms made of sticks, and clutch sizes commonly range from 2 to 4 eggs. Incubation lasts about 21–23 days, and both parents incubate and feed the young, which fledge after several weeks.

Conservation status varies by species. Some ibises are widespread and secure, while others have declined due to habitat loss, pollution, and disturbance. Many countries protect ibises, and captive populations help sustain genetic diversity and public education.