Plegadis

Plegadis is a genus of wading birds in the ibis family Threskiornithidae. The genus includes several species found in wetlands across the Old World and the Americas. Members are medium-sized ibises with dark plumage that often shows iridescent highlights, and they have long, downward-curved bills used to probe mud for aquatic prey. They are typically adapted to shallow-water foraging and are capable fliers with strong, steady flight.

Foraging and diet consist mainly of aquatic invertebrates, crustaceans, small fish, and insect larvae, varying with local food availability. Plegadis ibises inhabit a range of wetland habitats, including marshes, estuaries, mangroves, riverbanks, and agricultural wetlands. They commonly roost and nest in trees or shrubs near water bodies.

Reproduction involves monogamous pairs that may breed in colonies. Nesting sites are typically built above water in vegetation or trees, and clutches usually contain two to four eggs. Both parents participate in incubation and care of the chicks, which are precocial at hatching.

Notable species within the genus include the glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus), with a broad distribution across the Old World and parts of the Americas, and the white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi) found in the Americas. Taxonomic classifications can vary by authority, and additional regional species may be recognized in some treatments.

Conservation status varies among species and populations. While some populations are stable, others have declined due to habitat loss, pollution, and disturbance of wetland environments. Like many wetland birds, Plegadis species are sensitive to changes in water management and land use.