Hæmolyse

Hæmolyse, also known as hemolysis, refers to the destruction or rupture of red blood cells (erythrocytes), leading to the release of hemoglobin into the surrounding plasma or serum. This process can occur naturally as part of the body's normal turnover of red blood cells or can be induced by various pathological or external factors.

In laboratory settings, hæmolyse is often observed as a common pre-analytical artifact that can interfere with accurate blood test results. Hemolysed samples may produce misleading values for parameters such as potassium, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and other intracellular components. To minimize hæmolyse during sample collection, proper venipuncture techniques and handling procedures are recommended.

Hæmolyse can be caused by several factors, including mechanical trauma from improper blood draw, use of cold during sample handling, or exposure to certain chemicals. It may also result from pathological conditions like autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, or infections such as malaria. Additionally, certain toxins and drugs can induce hemolysis in susceptible individuals.

Clinically significant hæmolyse manifests through symptoms like jaundice, dark urine, fatigue, and pallor, especially when associated with underlying hemolytic disorders. Diagnosis typically involves laboratory tests confirming elevated free hemoglobin levels and the presence of hemolytic markers.

Management of hæmolyse depends on the underlying cause. For laboratory artifacts, improved sample collection and handling are essential. In cases of pathological hemolysis, treatment may involve addressing the primary condition, blood transfusions, or other supportive measures. Awareness of hæmolyse's causes and implications is vital for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.