Homosexuals

Homosexuals are people whose romantic and sexual attractions are primarily toward members of the same sex. The terms gay (usually for men) and lesbian (for women) are commonly used; 'homosexual' is a broader, more clinical or historical label and may be less preferred in casual speech.

Across history and cultures, attitudes toward same-sex attraction have varied. In the modern era, many countries decriminalized same-sex activity and expanded legal rights for same-sex couples. In 1973 the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from the DSM as a mental disorder, a step followed by numerous legal reforms worldwide, including marriage equality in many jurisdictions. Nevertheless, discrimination and persecution persist in some places.

Estimates of how many people identify as homosexual vary by country and method. In many Western societies, a minority of adults reports exclusive same-sex attraction or identity, typically a few percent; global data are more limited and shaped by social norms and survey techniques.

Homosexual people contribute across society, forming communities, advocacy organizations, and cultural life. Health and well-being for lesbian and gay people can be affected by stigma, discrimination, and access to inclusive healthcare; addressing these barriers is a central focus of many LGBTQ+ rights efforts.