decriminalized

Decriminalized refers to a policy status in which certain acts that would otherwise be punishable by criminal law are no longer treated as crimes. Instead of facing criminal charges, individuals may incur administrative penalties, fines, or mandatory treatment. Decriminalization does not legalize the act itself; it simply removes or reduces the criminal sanctions associated with it. In some policy discussions the term depenalization is used synonymously or interchangeably, though some scholars distinguish the terms based on the type and severity of sanctions retained.

Decriminalization is most often discussed in relation to drug possession for personal use, where the goal is to treat use as a public health issue rather than a criminal matter. It can also apply in other areas, such as certain petty offenses or regulated but not fully legalized activities, where enforcement emphasizes penalties short of imprisonment. The exact design—whether fines, mandatory counseling, or treatment referrals are used—varies by jurisdiction.

Portugal's 2001 drug policy is one of the best-known examples cited in debates on decriminalization. Under that system, possession and use of drugs for personal use are not criminal offenses; instead, violations trigger administrative penalties and potential treatment or social support. The state still criminalizes drug trafficking.

Outcomes and controversy: Proponents argue decriminalization reduces stigma, encourages treatment, and reallocates resources toward public health. Critics warn it may be perceived as soft on crime and can present enforcement challenges. Evidence on effects like drug use trends and health outcomes varies by context and implementation.