Hjertestop

Hjertestop, or cardiac arrest, is the sudden loss of effective heart pumping and circulation. It results from an electrical disturbance or mechanical failure of the heart, causing loss of consciousness, no pulse, and no normal breathing. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate action to restore circulation.

Most cases are due to ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, often in people with underlying heart disease such as coronary artery disease or cardiomyopathy. Other causes include severe electrolyte disturbances, drowning, trauma, overdose, or severe lung or chest injuries. Risk factors include prior heart disease, age, smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and a family history of sudden cardiac death.

Symptoms may include sudden collapse without warning. Some people have warning signs such as chest pain, dizziness, or shortness of breath, but many experience no forewarning. Because cardiac arrest stops blood flow to the brain, unconsciousness occurs quickly if untreated.

Emergency response is essential. Call emergency services immediately. If trained, begin CPR with chest compressions and provide rescue breaths if appropriate. If an automated external defibrillator (AED) is available, turn it on and follow the prompts to deliver a shock as advised. Early defibrillation greatly improves survival and neurologic outcome.

In hospital, treatment may include defibrillation or pacing, drug therapy, and management of the underlying cause, such as coronary reperfusion after a myocardial infarction. Post-resuscitation care focuses on stabilizing circulation, preventing brain injury, and addressing reversible factors.

Prevention centers on managing risk factors for heart disease, adhering to medications, lifestyle changes, and increasing access to AEDs and CPR training.