Heterosexuality

Heterosexuality, or heterosexual orientation, refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction toward people of the opposite sex or gender. It is one of several sexual orientations and can be described in terms of attraction, identity, and behavior, though these components do not always align for every individual.

The term heterosexual is of 19th-century origin, formed from the Greek heteros "other" and the Latin sexualis. It was coined alongside early terms for sexual orientation to describe attraction to the opposite sex, in contrast with homosexual. In contemporary usage, the concept is often discussed in the context of gender and sexual diversity, with recognition that gender identity can be broader than a binary framework.

In many populations, heterosexuality is the most common orientation. Prevalence estimates vary by country, survey method, and cultural definitions, and some individuals experience fluidity in attraction over time. Cultural and social norms surrounding heterosexuality have historically influenced family structures, marriage patterns, and reproductive expectations in many societies.

Biological and social scientists view heterosexuality as arising from a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, developmental, and environmental factors. There is no single cause identified for sexual orientation, and researchers emphasize that heterosexuality, like other orientations, is a natural variation in human sexuality.

See also: Homosexuality, Bisexuality, Pansexuality, Asexuality.