Herbicydy

Herbicydy, commonly written as herbicides in English, are chemical substances used to control or eradicate unwanted vegetation. They are applied in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and landscape management to reduce competition from weeds that can consume water, nutrients, and light needed by crops or desirable plants.

Herbicides are often categorized by selectivity and timing. Selective herbicides target specific plant groups (for example broadleaf weeds or grasses) while sparing crops, whereas non-selective herbicides affect many plant species. They can be applied before weeds germinate (pre-emergence) or after emergence (post-emergence). Formulations include liquids, granules, suspensions, and ready-to-use sprays, designed for various application methods such as spraying, coating, or soil incorporation.

Many herbicides work by inhibiting critical plant processes, such as photosynthesis, amino acid synthesis, lipid synthesis, or cell division. Their effectiveness depends on factors including crop tolerance, weed biology, application timing, environmental conditions, and resistance management. Because of environmental and health considerations, regulatory agencies evaluate their safety, ecological impact, and occupational risks before approval and labeling requirements govern their use.

Resistance management is a growing concern, as overuse or misuse can select for herbicide-resistant weeds. Integrated weed management combines chemical control with cultural practices, mechanical weeding, crop rotation, and vigilance to reduce the likelihood of resistance.

Safety and regulations emphasize following product labels, protective equipment, and proper storage and disposal. While herbicides can improve yields and reduce labor, responsible use is essential to minimize risks to humans, non-target organisms, and ecosystems.