Hemigaleidae

The Hemigaleidae family comprises a group of relatively small to medium-sized requiem sharks, characterized by their distinctive features and ecological roles. This family includes three genera: *Hemigaleus*, *Paragaleus*, and *Chiloscyllium*, with the latter being the most diverse and widely recognized. These sharks are primarily found in tropical and subtropical coastal waters, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region, though some species extend into the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea.

Members of Hemigaleidae are generally known for their slender, elongated bodies, rounded snouts, and relatively small size, typically ranging from 0.6 to 1.8 meters (2 to 6 feet) in length. Their coloration often features a mottled or spotted pattern, which provides effective camouflage among coral reefs and sandy bottoms. Unlike many other shark species, Hemigaleidae sharks possess a unique set of teeth arranged in a single row, which are adapted for crushing and grinding prey, including mollusks, crustaceans, and small bony fishes.

The family is notable for its diverse behaviors and habitats. *Chiloscyllium* species, often called epaulette sharks, are particularly fascinating due to their ability to "walk" on their pectoral fins when necessary, allowing them to navigate shallow, tide-pool environments. These sharks are also known for their slow metabolism and ability to survive prolonged periods without food. In contrast, *Hemigaleus* species, such as the blacktip shark, are more active and often found in deeper waters, where they exhibit schooling behaviors.

Hemigaleidae sharks play a crucial role in their ecosystems as both predators and prey. While they are not typically aggressive toward humans, some species may bite if provoked. Conservation status varies among members of this family, with several species facing threats from overfishing, habitat degradation, and bycatch. Efforts to monitor and protect these sharks are ongoing, particularly in regions where they are commercially targeted or encounter fishing gear.