Gussmaterial

Gussmaterial (German for "casting material") denotes the metals and alloys used in casting processes to manufacture parts by pouring molten material into molds. It encompasses a wide range of ferrous and non-ferrous compositions chosen for their ability to fill molds, solidify predictably, and meet required mechanical and chemical properties.

Common categories include cast irons (grey, ductile, white), cast steels, aluminum alloys (commonly Al–Si, Al–Mg), copper alloys (bronzes and brasses), and zinc alloys. Selection depends on factors such as melting point, fluidity, shrinkage rate, thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, machinability, and cost. Specialized alloys are formulated for wear resistance, high-temperature service, or superior castability.

Gussmaterial is used across industries for engine blocks, pump housings, pipe fittings, machine tool components, jewelry and art casting, and precision parts produced by investment or die casting. Casting-specific considerations include compatibility with mold materials, gating and riser design, feeding characteristics, and susceptibility to defects like porosity, shrinkage cavities, cold shuts, inclusions, and hot tearing.

Post-casting treatments—heat treatment, machining, surface finishing—adjust properties and tolerances. Quality control relies on metallography, mechanical testing, chemical analysis, and non-destructive testing, guided by standards such as DIN and ASTM. Environmental and safety aspects include handling molten metal hazards, controlling emissions and fumes, and recycling scrap, which is widespread owing to the high recyclability of most casting alloys.