Goniometry
Goniometry is the measurement of a joint's range of motion (ROM) using a goniometer, a protractor-like instrument that quantifies the angle formed by adjacent body segments around a joint axis. It is widely used in physical therapy, orthopedics, sports medicine, and rehabilitation to document mobility, track changes, and guide treatment.
The universal goniometer is the most common tool, featuring a stationary arm, a movable arm, and an
Measurement procedures typically involve identifying bony landmarks, aligning the stationary arm with the proximal segment, the
Applications include establishing a baseline ROM, monitoring progress during rehabilitation, informing surgical decisions, and researching joint
Reliability depends on examiner skill, landmark palpation, and consistency of positioning. Common limitations include inter- and
Typical ranges (approximate) include shoulder flexion 0–180 degrees, shoulder abduction 0–180, elbow flexion 0–150, knee flexion