examiner

An examiner is a person who conducts examinations, either as a test administrator, evaluator of performance, or official who certifies competence. The term is used across contexts to denote roles centered on assessment, verification, or discovery.

In educational systems, examiners may design exam papers, supervise examinations, and mark or moderate student work. Some examinations use internal examiners employed by a school or university; others employ external examiners from other institutions to ensure consistency with national or international standards. External examiners review marking schemes and student work to verify the fairness and comparability of results.

In professional certification or licensing, examiners administer standardized tests or practical assessments (for example, medical, legal, or engineering licensure) and determine whether candidates meet the required competencies. They may employ objective checklists, standardized stations, or structured oral examinations.

In government, judicial, or regulatory contexts, the term may refer to officials who examine documents, evidence, or claims—for example, in bankruptcy proceedings, immigration or tax matters, or in courts where an examiner reviews claims and substantiation.

Etymology: from Latin examinare, to weigh, test; the noun appears in various languages with related meanings.