Giraffidae

Giraffidae is a small family of even-toed ungulates in the order Artiodactyla that includes two living genera: Giraffa and Okapia. The family is best known for the giraffes, the tallest land animals, and the okapis, forest-dwelling relatives with zebra-like markings. The okapi is the sole member of the genus Okapia, while giraffes are placed in the genus Giraffa.

Taxonomy within Giraffidae has been subject to debate. The two living genera are clearly distinct, but the number of giraffe species recognized varies by authority. Most classifications recognize either a single giraffe species, Giraffa camelopardalis, with several subspecies, or multiple species within the genus, such as the Masai giraffe (Giraffa tippelskirchi), the reticulated giraffe (Giraffa reticulata), and other regional forms. Ongoing genetic studies have proposed further splits, reflecting geographic variation across sub-Saharan Africa.

Anatomy and adaptations differ notably between the two genera. Giraffes are characterized by their exceptionally long necks and legs, with necks comprising seven elongated vertebrae. Their large hearts and specialized vascular system support blood flow to the head, and they possess long, prehensile tongues used for foliage gathering. Okapis have shorter necks and a body adapted to dense forests, with a coat marked by horizontal stripes that provide camouflage in dappled light.

Ecology and behavior also diverge. Giraffes browse on leaves at height, primarily in open woodlands and savannas, and often form loose social groups. Okapis are elusive, largely solitary, and feed on leaves and fruits in dense Congo Basin forests. Reproduction in both is typically slow, with long gestation and extended maternal care.

Conservation status varies; okapis are listed as endangered, while giraffes are generally considered vulnerable, with several subspecies facing higher risks due to habitat loss and poaching.