Gichtschüben

Gichtschübe, also known as gout attacks, are sudden episodes of intense joint pain, redness, and swelling. They are caused by a buildup of uric acid in the body, which forms sharp, needle-like crystals in the joints. Uric acid is a normal waste product, but in some individuals, the body produces too much or the kidneys do not excrete enough, leading to hyperuricemia.

The most commonly affected joint is the big toe, but gout attacks can occur in other joints, including the ankles, knees, elbows, wrists, and fingers. Symptoms typically develop rapidly, often overnight, and can be extremely painful. The affected area may feel hot to the touch and appear very red. The pain can be so severe that even the slightest touch, like the weight of a bedsheet, is unbearable.

Gichtschübe can be triggered by various factors. Dietary indiscretions, such as consuming purine-rich foods like red meat, organ meats, and certain seafood, as well as alcohol (especially beer), can precipitate an attack. Dehydration, certain medications like diuretics, and underlying medical conditions such as kidney disease, high blood pressure, and obesity are also contributing factors.

Diagnosis is usually made based on the characteristic symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Sometimes, fluid is drawn from the affected joint to identify the presence of uric acid crystals. Treatment aims to relieve pain and inflammation during an attack and to prevent future episodes. Medications include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, and corticosteroids. Long-term management involves lifestyle modifications and medications to lower uric acid levels, such as allopurinol or febuxostat.