Getuigen

Getuigen, the Dutch term for witnesses, are individuals who provide testimony about events or facts under oath or affirmation in legal proceedings or investigations. Their statements are intended to establish what happened, clarify disputed issues, or support a party’s arguments.

In legal contexts, getuigen are commonly classified as lay witnesses (fact witnesses who describe observed events), eyewitnesses who personally saw or heard what occurred, and expert witnesses who offer specialized knowledge to aid understanding of technical or complex aspects of a case. The admissibility and scope of testimony can vary by jurisdiction and case type.

During a hearing, a witness typically is sworn or affirmed to tell the truth. They give testimony in two main stages: examination-in-chief by the party that called them, and cross-examination by the opposing party. Some jurisdictions allow a further re-examination. The judge or jury assess credibility based on factors such as consistency, detail, demeanor, and possible biases or motives.

Evidence rules govern testimony, with hearsay generally restricted unless a recognized exception applies, such as prior statements, business records, or expert reports. The reliability of getuigen is closely evaluated, given that memory can be imperfect, perception may be faulty, and fear or stress can affect recollection.

Witnesses have duties and protections. They must tell the truth under penalty of perjury or other sanctions for false testimony. Privileges and protections may limit questions (for example, attorney–client or spousal privileges). In some cases, witness protection measures are available to safeguard those at risk due to their testimony.