oath

An oath is a solemn promise or vow, often sworn publicly and binding the speaker to perform or refrain from certain actions. Oaths typically invoke a higher power, a sacred object, or a moral law as a witness to the commitment, though not all oaths rely on religion; many are secular. Oaths are used to establish trust in legal, political, professional, and ceremonial contexts.

In law, witnesses may swear an oath to tell the truth; in some places a non-religious affirmation is permitted. In government, the oath of office or allegiance binds elected or appointed officials to uphold the constitution and duties. In the military, recruits swear an oath of loyalty and service. In professional life, oaths set ethical commitments, such as the Hippocratic Oath taken by physicians, and other professional codes written in modern form (e.g., the Declaration of Geneva, nursing oaths).

Enforcement and consequences: violation may constitute perjury or professional discipline, and can lead to removal from office or other penalties. Oaths often shape norms and accountability by creating a formal moment of commitment.

Etymology and cultural variation: the concept appears across cultures with variations in language and practice; while wording differs, the core idea is a serious pledge before witnesses.