Fossas

Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) is the largest carnivoran on Madagascar and the sole member of the genus Cryptoprocta, in the family Eupleridae. It is endemic to Madagascar, occupying forests from humid evergreen to dry deciduous and occasionally mangroves. The fossa is a slender, cat-like predator with a short, dense coat that is typically reddish-brown, a long tail, and short legs. Adults measure about 70–100 cm in body length with a tail around 60 cm, and typically weigh 5–12 kg, with males larger than females.

Fossas are largely solitary and crepuscular, though activity varies with habitat. They are versatile climbers and predators, moving through trees and on the ground, and often hunt by stalking and ambushing, leaping between branches to catch prey. The diet is diverse, with lemurs comprising a substantial portion in many forests, along with birds, small mammals, reptiles, and occasionally insects. They defend territories with scent marking and vocalizations.

Breeding occurs at varying times; gestation lasts about 70 days, with litters of 2–4 cubs. Cubs are born in a den and remain with the mother for several months before weaning at about 4–6 months and independence by about a year. Sexual maturity is reached around 1.5–2 years.

Conservation: The fossa is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN, with a decreasing population trend. Major threats include deforestation and habitat fragmentation from agriculture, hunting, trapping and snares, and loss of prey. Protected areas and Madagascar's conservation programs help, but effective management requires reducing habitat loss and addressing human–wildlife conflict.