Ficamoknál

Ficamoknál is a medical term used to describe the condition in which one or more joints lose their normal alignment due to displacement of the articular surfaces. In medical English, this is commonly referred to as a dislocation (luxation), with subluxation representing a partial or incomplete displacement. Ficamoknál can affect any joint but is most common in the shoulder, finger joints, elbow, hip, knee, and jaw.

Causes are typically acute trauma from falls, sports injuries, or traffic accidents, though repetitive microtrauma can contribute in some cases. Predisposing factors include joint laxity, connective tissue disorders, previous dislocations, and certain anatomical variations. Dislocations are usually classified by the joint involved, the direction of displacement, and associated soft-tissue injuries.

Clinical presentation includes sudden severe pain, deformity or abnormal joint contour, inability to move the joint, swelling, and sometimes numbness or color changes if nerves or blood vessels are affected. Diagnosis relies on a physical exam and radiographic imaging; CT or MRI may be used to evaluate accompanying bone lesions or soft-tissue injuries such as labral or ligament damage.

Management involves prompt first aid: immobilize the joint, apply ice, and avoid attempting self-reduction. Reduction should be performed by trained clinicians, often under analgesia or anesthesia, followed by reassessment of neurovascular status. After successful reduction, immobilization with a splint or brace, pain control, and a structured rehabilitation program are commonly prescribed.

Prognosis varies by joint and injury severity. Recurrence risk can be high in certain joints, notably the shoulder and knee, and complications may include recurrent instability, cartilage injury, fracture at the joint rim, nerve or vessel injury, or avascular necrosis. Prevention focuses on strength, flexibility, proprioception training, protective gear, and addressing underlying risk factors.