Fibroidrelated

Fibroid-related refers to conditions and symptoms associated with uterine fibroids, benign tumors arising from the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus (leiomyomas). Fibroids are common in women of reproductive age and are often asymptomatic. When symptoms occur, they commonly include heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure or pain, a sensation of fullness in the abdomen, urinary urgency or frequency, constipation, and, in some cases, fertility problems or pregnancy complications.

Fibroids arise under the influence of estrogen and progesterone and typically grow during reproductive years and tend to shrink after menopause. They are classified by location within the uterus: submucosal fibroids project into the uterine cavity, intramural fibroids lie within the myometrium, subserosal fibroids extend to the outer surface of the uterus, and pedunculated fibroids are attached by a stalk. Risk factors include age, genetics, family history, Black ethnicity, nulliparity, obesity, and early menarche.

Diagnosis usually begins with a pelvic examination and is confirmed with imaging, most often transvaginal ultrasound. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides detailed mapping and is useful for surgical planning. Other conditions with similar symptoms, such as adenomyosis, endometrial polyps, or ovarian masses, may be evaluated as part of the differential diagnosis.

Treatment decisions depend on symptoms, fibroid size and location, age, and desire for fertility. Asymptomatic fibroids may be monitored. Medical options aim to control symptoms or temporarily shrink fibroids and can include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pain, tranexamic acid for heavy bleeding, hormonal therapies (such as combined oral contraceptives, progestins, or GnRH agonists for short-term use), and, in some settings, selective progesterone receptor modulators. Definitive treatment includes surgical options like myomectomy to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus, or hysterectomy for definitive management. Less invasive options include uterine artery embolization and focused ultrasound therapy. Fertility and pregnancy outcomes vary and should be discussed with a clinician.