embolization

Embolization is a minimally invasive medical procedure used to block or decrease blood flow in specific blood vessels to treat various conditions. This technique employs the intentional occlusion of blood vessels using materials called embolic agents, which may include coils, particles, or liquids. The procedure is typically performed under imaging guidance, such as fluoroscopy or angiography, allowing precise targeting of the affected vessels.

Embolization is commonly used to control bleeding, reduce tumor size, or treat vascular abnormalities such as aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). It can also be employed in palliative care to alleviate symptoms caused by tumors, including minimizing hemorrhage or cutting off blood supply.

The process involves accessing the vascular system via a catheter inserted through a small incision, usually in the groin or arm. The catheter is guided to the target vessel, where the embolic material is released to occlude blood flow. The choice of embolic agent depends on the specific condition, the size of the vessel, and the desired duration of occlusion.

Risks associated with embolization include non-target embolization, which may affect healthy tissues, infection, and vessel damage. However, as a minimally invasive alternative to surgery, it generally offers shorter recovery times and fewer complications.

Overall, embolization is a versatile and effective technique in interventional radiology, providing targeted treatment options for complex vascular and tumor-related conditions. Its success depends on careful planning and precise execution to maximize benefits and minimize risks.