Fasciolóza

Fasciolóza, commonly known as liver fluke disease, is a parasitic infection caused by flatworms belonging to the genus *Fasciola*. These parasites primarily affect the liver of mammals, including humans, livestock such as cattle and sheep, and other animals. The most significant species responsible for infection in humans and livestock are *Fasciola hepatica* and *Fasciola gigantica*, with the latter being more prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.

The life cycle of the liver fluke involves both aquatic and terrestrial stages. Eggs passed in the feces of infected hosts hatch into miracidia in freshwater environments. These larvae infect freshwater snails, where they develop into cercariae before being released into the water. Cercariae then encyst on vegetation as metacercariae, which are ingested by the definitive host—typically through the consumption of contaminated water or aquatic plants. Once inside the host, the parasites migrate through tissues, eventually reaching the liver, where they mature and begin producing eggs.

Symptoms of fasciolóza in humans and animals can vary depending on the stage of infection and the severity of the infestation. Early stages may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever, while chronic infections often lead to liver damage, bile duct obstruction, and secondary bacterial infections. In livestock, fasciolóza can result in significant economic losses due to reduced milk and meat production, as well as increased mortality rates.

Diagnosis typically involves detecting liver fluke eggs in fecal samples or using imaging techniques such as ultrasound to identify liver abnormalities. Treatment often includes the use of antiparasitic drugs like triclabendazole or albendazole, though resistance to certain medications has been reported in some regions. Prevention strategies focus on controlling snail populations, avoiding contaminated water sources, and implementing proper sanitation practices in livestock management.

Fasciolóza remains a significant public health and veterinary concern, particularly in rural and agricultural communities where transmission risks are higher. Public awareness and integrated control measures are essential to reducing the prevalence of this parasitic disease.