Exhibitionism

Exhibitionism is a sexual behavior defined by recurrent, intense arousal from exposing one's genitals to an unsuspecting stranger or non-consenting observer. In clinical terms, it can be diagnosed as exhibitionistic disorder when the urges are distressing, interfere with functioning, or when the person has acted on the urges with a non-consenting person. Many cases occur in adulthood; onset typically in late adolescence or early adulthood.

The behavior is illegal in many jurisdictions due to non-consent and can cause psychological harm to victims; acts may result in criminal charges such as public indecency or assault. Prevalence is difficult to determine because of underreporting and varying definitions; some studies suggest it is more common among men, though data are inconsistent.

Etiology is not fully understood; risk factors may include co-occurring mental health issues, impulsivity, and sexually deviant interests. Exhibitionism often occurs in public or semi-public spaces and can involve risk-taking and thrill-seeking, with a desire for immediate arousal rather than long-term relationships.

Treatment typically involves psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral approaches, and may include pharmacotherapy such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or antiandrogen medications in severe cases. Management also emphasizes risk assessment, relapse prevention, and legal considerations. When exposure is consensual and part of role-play or performance with clear consent and safety guidelines, it is not classified as a disorder, though ethical and legal considerations remain.