deviant

Deviant is primarily an adjective describing something that departs from the standard, norm, or expectation. In everyday language it can modify behavior, tastes, or appearances that are unusual or not typical. The noun form 'a deviant' refers to a person whose behavior or identity diverges from prevailing social norms. The usage carries moral or evaluative connotations, but sociologists emphasize that deviance is socially defined and varies across cultures and contexts.

Etymology: from Latin deviāre 'to turn aside,' via Old French dévier and English 'deviant' created from the verb 'deviate' with the -ant suffix. The related noun 'deviance' names the state or act of deviating. 'Deviant' is used in psychology, criminology, sociology, and cultural studies to describe departures from norms.

In sociological theory, deviance is not inherently negative; it can contribute to social change or function as a warning signal. Durkheim argued deviance helps maintain social order by clarifying norms; others emphasize contextuality: what is deviant in one group may be ordinary in another. Deviance can refer to behavior, identities, or traits.

In popular usage and media, 'deviant' appears in discussions of crime, sexuality, or fashion. The term also appears in brand names and online communities, for example DeviantArt, an online platform for artists.