Ethylenetetrafluoroethylene

Ethylenetetrafluoroethylene, commonly abbreviated ETFE, is an alternating copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene. It is a fluoropolymer noted for high chemical resistance, good mechanical properties, and excellent dielectric performance.

ETFE is produced as a tough, lightweight resin that can be processed into films, sheets, tubes, and molded parts. In particular, ETFE film is widely used for architectural glazing and as a flexible cushion in tensioned structures, as well as for greenhouses and other transparent enclosures.

Key properties include high thermal stability for a fluoropolymer, excellent resistance to most acids and bases, low gas permeability, good abrasion resistance, and high optical transparency in film form. It also offers a high dielectric strength and low moisture absorption.

Synthesis and processing: ETFE is formed by copolymerization of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene, typically via free-radical polymerization. The resulting material can be extruded, calendered, or molded into the desired shapes and forms.

Applications: Architectural glazing and facades, skylights, and roof coverings; chemical processing equipment and piping linings in aggressive environments; electrical insulation for wires and cables; and various industrial components where chemical resistance is required.

History and context: ETFE was developed by DuPont in the mid-20th century and has gained prominence in architecture since the 1980s as a durable, transparent alternative to glass in roofs and facades; it competes with other fluoropolymers such as PTFE and PFA in specialized uses.

Environmental and safety notes: ETFE is chemically inert and considered relatively non-toxic. Recycling exists but is less common than for simpler plastics; disposal and incineration require proper controls due to fluoropolymer-related emissions.