Epekövesség

Epekövesség, also known as lithiasis, is a medical condition characterized by the formation of calculi, or stones, within the body. These stones are typically composed of mineral salts and organic matter. The location where these stones form can vary widely, leading to different classifications and symptoms.

Common sites for epekövesség include the gallbladder (cholelithiasis), where stones can obstruct bile flow and cause pain; the kidneys (nephrolithiasis), where they can lead to severe flank pain, blood in the urine, and potential kidney damage; and the urinary bladder (cystolithiasis). Stones can also form in the salivary glands, pancreas, and bile ducts.

The exact causes of epekövesség are multifaceted and can include genetic predisposition, dietary factors, metabolic disorders, infections, and certain medications. For instance, high levels of cholesterol in bile can contribute to gallstones, while imbalances in mineral excretion can lead to kidney stones.

Symptoms associated with epekövesség depend heavily on the size, number, and location of the stones, as well as whether they cause any obstruction. Small stones may be asymptomatic and pass unnoticed. Larger stones or those causing blockages often manifest as intense pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and changes in urine or stool. Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scans, or X-rays, along with laboratory tests. Treatment strategies range from conservative management, including hydration and pain relief, to surgical intervention, such as lithotripsy (stone breaking) or surgical removal, particularly for symptomatic or obstructing calculi.