Enesehinnang

Enesehinnang is the Estonian term for self-esteem, the overall subjective evaluation a person makes of their own worth. It combines affective feelings of self-worth with cognitive judgments about value in various domains. In psychology, enesehinnang is often discussed as global self-esteem (a general sense of worth) and domain-specific self-esteem (confidence in particular areas such as academics, appearance, or social abilities). It is related to but distinct from self-concept and self-efficacy.

Development of enesehinnang is influenced by early relationships, feedback from caregivers and peers, and broader cultural norms. Positive experiences such as supportive parenting, encouragement, and successful social interactions tend to strengthen self-esteem, while chronic criticism, bullying, or repeated failures can undermine it. Cultural context matters: individualistic cultures may emphasize personal achievement, whereas collectivist settings may weigh social harmony and acceptance.

Measurement and research often employ standardized scales to assess self-esteem, such as Rosenberg-style inventories, with attention to reliability and cultural validity. Self-esteem is linked to mental health and well-being: secure, balanced self-esteem is associated with resilience and adaptive coping, while persistent low self-esteem is associated with depression and anxiety. Conversely, excessively high or unstable self-esteem can relate to difficulties such as narcissistic tendencies or heightened vulnerability to threats.

In practice, approaches to enesehinnang aim for realistic self-appraisal and self-compassion rather than blanket praise. Interventions may include cognitive-behavioral techniques, positive psychology exercises, and strategies to foster supportive social environments. Self-esteem remains a dynamic construct, capable of change across the lifespan and across different life domains.