Endoskoopin

Endoskoopin is the Finnish term related to the English word endoscope, a medical device designed to visualize the interior of body cavities and hollow organs. An endoscope typically consists of a long, slender tube equipped with an optical system and a light source, allowing real-time viewing of internal structures. Endoscopes can be rigid or flexible, and many include channels to pass instruments, suction, or insufficient air or gas to improve visibility.

A standard endoscope comprises a visualization system (either fiber-optic or digital camera), illumination at the tip, and controls for bending the tip to access difficult angles. Flexible endoscopes use steerable sections and external or internal control mechanisms, while rigid endoscopes provide a straight-line view with limited maneuverability. Modern devices often transmit images to external monitors and may incorporate high-definition video, digital imaging, and advanced illumination.

Endoscopes are used in a wide range of medical fields. In gastroenterology, they enable examination of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines (gastroscopy, colonoscopy). In pulmonology, bronchoscopy visualizes the airways. Urology, ENT, gynecology, and orthopedics employ cystoscopy, laryngoscopy, hysteroscopy, and arthroscopy, respectively. Specialized forms include endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and capsule endoscopy, where a small ingestible camera provides imaging beyond the reach of a traditional tube.

History and safety: early rigid designs emerged in the 19th century, with significant advances in fiber-optic endoscopy in the mid-20th century. Modern endoscopy emphasizes patient safety, sterile reprocessing, and trained practitioners. Common risks include infection, bleeding, and perforation, though these are relatively rare with proper technique.