Eliquid

eliquid, also called e-liquid or vape juice, is a liquid used in electronic cigarettes and vaporizers. It is heated to create an inhalable aerosol and is designed to deliver nicotine and flavor to the user, although nicotine-free versions are available.

Most liquids consist of a base solvent made from propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG) in varying ratios. The PG component contributes to throat hit and flavor transport, while VG produces denser vapor and milder flavor. Nicotine content varies widely, from 0 mg/mL to high strengths such as 12–24 mg/mL or more, depending on regulations and market. Some e-liquids use nicotine salts, which allow smoother inhalation at higher nicotine concentrations and can affect absorption.

Flavorings range from tobacco and menthol to dessert, fruit, beverage, and specialty profiles. Additives may include sweeteners and colorants; reputable manufacturers typically publish ingredient lists and obtain quality testing; some jurisdictions require disclosure and safety standards.

Regulatory oversight varies by country. In the United States, the FDA regulates e-liquids as tobacco products and requires premarket authorization and age restrictions. In the European Union, the Tobacco Products Directive limits nicotine to no more than 20 mg/mL and imposes labeling and packaging rules. Health considerations include potential risks from nicotine dependence, inhalation exposure to aerosols, and exposure to certain flavoring ingredients, with ongoing research into long-term effects.

Storage should be in child-resistant containers, away from heat and light; sealed bottles prevent contamination and degradation. Quality standards such as CGMP and third‑party testing are present in some markets to ensure ingredient quality and labeling accuracy.