Electrovalves

An electrovalve, often called a solenoid valve, is a valve whose operation is induced by an electric current. Energizing a coil creates a magnetic field that moves a plunger, armature, or diaphragm to open or close the valve seat, enabling or stopping the flow of liquids or gases.

Electrovalves come in several configurations. The common 2-way, 3-way, and 4-way designs include normally closed and normally open forms. Direct-acting valves rely on the magnetic force of the coil to move the valve element against fluid pressure, suitable for low-pressure applications. Pilot-operated valves use system pressure for actuation and are preferred for higher pressures and larger valves.

Construction typically includes a valve body, a solenoid coil, a movable element (plunger or diaphragm), a return spring, and seals. Materials vary: brass or stainless steel bodies; plastics for lightweight designs; seals compatible with the process fluid, such as NBR or Viton. Coils are commonly 12 or 24 V DC, or 120/230 V AC, with various duty cycles and insulation ratings. Some valves are sealed to IP ratings to suit harsh environments.

Applications span industrial automation, irrigation, pneumatic and hydraulic systems, HVAC, automotive controls, and medical equipment. When selecting an electrovalve, considerations include fluid type and temperature, operating pressure and flow (Cv), coil voltage and power consumption, response time, duty cycle, and environmental protection.