plunger

A plunger is a hand-operated tool used to clear obstructions in drains, toilets, and other plumbing conduits. It consists of a handle attached to a flexible cup or bell-shaped rubber suction device. The design creates a seal against the opening so that manual force can generate pressure changes to dislodge a blockage.

There are two common types: the cup plunger, which has a flat, rounded rubber cup and is used on sinks, tubs, and shower drains; and the flange or toilet plunger, which has an extended rubber lip (flange) that folds inward to seal the curved toilet drain.

Operation: Place the cup over the drain to create a tight seal. For sinks and tubs, use vertical piston-like strokes, pumping a few times to build pressure and suction. For toilets, insert the flange into the drain to seal, then pump. Repeat as needed until the blockage clears.

Materials and variants: Most plungers use natural or synthetic rubber for the cup; handles are wood, steel, or plastic. Toilet plungers include a flange that helps seal the larger, irregular drain. Some models have reinforced rims or longer handles for leverage.

Safety and limitations: Do not mix plungers with chemical drain cleaners; rinse thoroughly after use; avoid using on damaged porcelain or cracked pipes; if blockage persists, seek professional assistance. Plungers are most effective for recent or simple clogs caused by solid matter, hair, or soap scum, not for collapsed pipes or solid objects.

Alternative methods: mechanical augers (plumber's snakes), hydro-jetting, enzymatic cleaners, or professional inspection.