ETCSenheter
ETCSenheter, or ETCS units, are the hardware and software components that implement the European Train Control System (ETCS) within railway operations. ETCS is part of the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) and is designed to standardize train control across national borders. An ETCSenhet typically comprises an on-board unit (OBU) installed on the train, trackside equipment such as Eurobalises and the Radio Block Centre (RBC), and the communication network (primarily GSM-R) that links the train and the RBC. The OBU processes movement authorities, speed restrictions and braking curves received from the RBC, and monitors train systems to ensure safe operation. The RBC issues movement authorities and monitors train locations; balises provide fixed data along the track and act as position references, particularly in Level 1 operation.
ETCS operates at Levels 1, 2 and 3. Level 1 uses signals and trackside balises to supplement
Standardization and interoperability are governed by European agencies and international standards bodies. ETCSenheter are procured from