E127

E127, also known as erythrosine or erythrosine B, is a synthetic red dye used as a food coloring. It is a tetraiodinated derivative of fluorescein and is water-soluble. It imparts a cherry-pink to red hue and is relatively stable to heat, though it can fade with light exposure and strong reducing agents.

It is widely used in confectionery, candies, frostings, jellies, ice creams, beverages, processed foods, and some non-food items such as cosmetics and dental products. Common applications include cherry, strawberry, or raspberry colorings in candies and popsicles; it is also found in some mouthwash and toothpaste.

Regulatory status varies by jurisdiction. In the European Union, E127 is approved as a food additive with product-specific restrictions and maximum permitted levels; it must be listed on ingredient labels. In other regions, E127 identifies the same color under local approvals (such as FD&C Red No. 3 in the United States), with safety reviews conducted by international bodies. Authorities periodically reassess erythrosine, taking into account potential effects on thyroid function and other safety concerns, and may adjust allowed uses or labeling requirements.

Safety and labeling: Consumers with sensitivities should check ingredient lists. Some studies have raised concerns about thyroid effects at high exposures, leading to ongoing regulatory monitoring. E127 is typically used within established intake limits; packaging and regulation require disclosure on labels where artificial colors are present.