mouthwash

Mouthwash, also called mouth rinse, is a liquid used to rinse the mouth after brushing. It aims to reduce oral bacteria, freshen breath, and supplement mechanical cleaning.

Formulations vary. Common active ingredients include fluoride for caries prevention; antiseptics such as chlorhexidine or cetylpyridinium chloride; and essential oils. Some rinses also contain peroxide or other whitening agents. Alcohol-based products use ethanol as a solvent; alcohol-free versions use alternative carriers.

Therapeutic mouthwashes aim to reduce plaque, gingivitis, or bad breath. Evidence supports modest short-term reductions in plaque and gingival inflammation with antiseptic rinses; fluoride rinses help prevent caries. Mouthwash should not replace brushing and flossing.

Safety and side effects include staining from chlorhexidine, altered taste, dry mouth, mucosal irritation, or allergic reactions. Alcohol-containing rinses may irritate sensitive tissue. Swallowing should be avoided, especially by children. Pregnant or nursing individuals should consult a clinician.

Types include cosmetic mouthwashes for breath relief and therapeutic rinses for disease risk management. Fluoride rinses prevent caries; chlorhexidine rinses are used for gingivitis under supervision. Users should read labels for age guidance and usage frequency.