erythrosine

Erythrosine, also known as Red No. 3 and E127, is a synthetic red dye used as a color additive in a variety of consumer products. Chemically, it is the disodium salt of tetraiodofluorescein, a halogenated xanthene dye. The compound is water-soluble and imparts a bright pink-red hue, absorbing light in the blue-green region.

Uses and applications: It is widely used to color foods such as candies, icings, bakery products, desserts, gravies, and certain beverages. It is also used in cosmetics, oral pharmaceuticals, and some inks. In many markets, erythrosine is approved for specific uses and subject to concentration limits and labeling requirements; regulatory status varies by jurisdiction.

Safety and regulation: Regulatory agencies periodically review erythrosine for safety. When used within approved levels, it is considered safe for the general population; however, because erythrosine contains iodine, excessive intake can affect thyroid function in sensitive individuals or at high exposures. Some organizations have recommended limiting exposure, especially in children, and labeling requirements help users monitor intake. Allergic reactions are possible but rare.

Properties and chemistry: Erythrosine is related to other xanthene dyes and is more heavily iodinated than some alternatives, which influences both its color and biological interactions. Stability is sufficient for typical food processing, although prolonged light exposure can degrade the color.

See also: Color additives, E numbers.