Dysderidae

Dysderidae, commonly known as woodlouse spiders, are a family of araneomorph spiders. These spiders are characterized by their large, stout bodies and prominent, powerful chelicerae. They are nocturnal hunters, primarily preying on woodlice, which gives them their common name. The Dysderidae are found in a wide range of habitats across the globe, often residing in dark, humid environments such as under rocks, logs, leaf litter, and in cellars or basements. Their venom is generally not considered medically significant to humans, though a bite can cause localized pain and swelling. The family contains over 500 described species in about 50 genera. A well-known example is Dysdera crocata, the common woodlouse spider, which has a distinctive reddish-brown cephalothorax and abdomen. Female woodlouse spiders are typically larger than males and are responsible for guarding their egg sacs. They build silk retreats, often in crevices or burrows, where they rest during the day and lay their eggs. The diet of Dysderidae is specialized, with many species feeding almost exclusively on isopods. Their large chelicerae are used to pierce the tough exoskeleton of their prey. Reproduction involves the male approaching the female's retreat and engaging in courtship rituals.