Dvitaminmangel

D-vitaminmangel, or vitamin D deficiency, is a medical condition characterized by insufficient levels of vitamin D in the blood. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone mineralization, and it also supports muscle function and immune health. It is obtained from sun exposure, certain foods, and supplements.

Causes of D-vitaminmangel include limited sun exposure, insufficient dietary intake, and malabsorption disorders. Other factors that increase risk are obesity, older age, residence at high latitudes or in cloudier climates, darker skin, kidney or liver disease, certain medications, and pregnancy or lactation.

Symptoms in adults can be subtle and may include bone or muscle pain and weakness. Over time, deficiency raises the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. In children, severe deficiency can cause rickets, with bone deformities and growth disturbances.

Diagnosis is based on a blood test measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Thresholds vary by guideline, but commonly: deficiency below 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L), insufficiency 20–29 ng/mL (50–74 nmol/L), and sufficiency above about 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L).

Treatment generally involves vitamin D supplementation, tailored to deficiency severity. Regimens may include high-dose vitamin D for several weeks, followed by a maintenance dose (for example, 800–2000 IU daily). In cases of malabsorption or obesity, higher maintenance doses may be needed. Sun exposure and diet (fatty fish, fortified foods) support therapy, but supplementation is often necessary.

Prevention focuses on sensible sun exposure, dietary sources, and, for at-risk groups such as older adults, pregnant women, and people with limited sun, routine supplementation. Regular monitoring of vitamin D status can guide ongoing management.